GIS专题数据综合的研究   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

杜道生  高文秀  龚健雅 《地理与地理信息科学》2003,19(3):1-5

随着GIS技术在各种应用领域的推广使用，各领域的专业数据与G1S的空间数据相结合，形成描述特定地理现象的各种专题数据。与GIS空间数据一样，专题数据的应用也由微观的、较为详细地描述小区域地理现象特征，转向宏观的、较为概略地描述较大范围地理现象特征，这是专题数据综合的主要任务。该文在讨论GIS专题数据类型及特征的基础上，着重分析了专题数据综合的基本类型，并提出了专题数据综合的概念模型，为GIS专题数据自动综合的实施提供理论依据和实施方案。  相似文献   

Calibration of paired watersheds: Utility of moving sums in presence of externalities          下载免费PDF全文

Herbert Ssegane  Devendra M. Amatya  Augustine Muwamba  George M. Chescheir  Tim Appelboom  E.W. Tollner  Jami E. Nettles  Mohamed A. Youssef  François Birgand  R.W. Skaggs 《水文研究》2017,31(20):3458-3471

Historically, paired watershed studies have been used to quantify the hydrological effects of land use and management practices by concurrently monitoring 2 similar watersheds during calibration (pretreatment) and post‐treatment periods. This study characterizes seasonal water table and flow response to rainfall during the calibration period and tests a change detection technique of moving sums of recursive residuals (MOSUM) to select calibration periods for each control–treatment watershed pair when the regression coefficients for daily water table elevation were most stable to minimize regression model uncertainty. The control and treatment watersheds were 1 watershed of 3–4‐year‐old intensely managed loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) with natural understory, 1 watershed of 3–4‐year‐old loblolly pine intercropped with switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), 1 watershed of 14–15‐year‐old thinned loblolly pine with natural understory (control), and 1 watershed of switchgrass only. The study period spanned from 2009 to 2012. Silvicultural operational practices during this period acted as external factors, potentially shifting hydrologic calibration relationships between control and treatment watersheds. MOSUM results indicated significant changes in regression parameters due to silvicultural operations and were used to identify stable relationships for water table elevation. None of the calibration relationships developed using this method were significantly different from the classical calibration relationship based on published historical data. We attribute that to the similarity of historical and 2010–2012 leaf area index on control and treatment watersheds as moderated by the emergent vegetation. Although the MOSUM approach does not eliminate the need for true calibration data or replace the classic paired watershed approach, our results show that it may be an effective alternative approach when true data are unavailable, as it minimizes the impacts of external disturbances other than the treatment of interest.  相似文献   

多普勒雷达图像逆风区的自动监测识别     

赵丽玲  吴毅  刘青山  尹忠海 《南京气象学院学报》2016,8(4):310-315

在多普勒雷达降水回波径向速度场中及时准确地发现逆风区,对灾害天气预报预警具有重要意义.根据逆风区在雷达径向速度图中的物理图像特征,采用数字图像处理和分析方法实现了逆风区自动监测识别.首先,以雷达图像色标为依据,采用阈值法分别获取正、负速度区域二值图像,再对2幅图像分别进行形态学运算,然后将上述4幅图像做交叉逻辑运算,得到逆风区监测识别结果和相关参数.通过在2005-2011年长沙雷达站47幅根据实况进行人工标注后的多普勒雷达径向速度图像上进行实验,表明该方法对逆风区可以进行快速准确识别,与人工标注结果比较准确率可达89%,满足实际应用需要.  相似文献   

NOAA WP-3D instrumentation and flight operations on AGASP-II     

R. C. Schnell  T. B. Watson  B. A. Bodhaine 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1989,9(1-3):3-16

The second Arctic Gas and Aerosol Sampling Program (AGASP-II) was conducted across the non-Soviet Arctic in March and April 1986, to study the aerosol, gaseous, chemical, and optical properties of Arctic haze. One component of the program was supported with an instrumented NOAA WP-3D atmospheric research aircraft. Measurements of wind, temperature, ozone, water vapor, condensation nucleus concentration, and aerosol scattering extinction coefficient were used to determine the locations and properties of haze layers. The first three NOAA WP-3D research flights were conducted north of Barrow, Alaska, and over the Beaufort Sea northeast of Barter Island, Alaska. The next three sampled conditions in the high Arctic near Alert, Northwest Territories, Canada. All basic meteorological, gas, and aerosol systems are described. The WP-3D flight tracks and operations are presented.  相似文献   

An evaluation of the role played by remote sensing technology following the World Trade Center attack     

Charles?K.?HuyckEmail author  Beverley?J.?Adams  David?I.?Kehrlein 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2003,2(1):159-168

Remote sensing technology has been widely recognized for contributing to emergency response efforts after the World Trade Center attack on September 11th, 2001. The need to coordinate activities in the midst of a dense, yet relatively small area, made the combination of imagery and mapped data strategically useful. This paper reviews the role played by aerial photography, satellite imagery, and LIDAR data at Ground Zero. It examines how emergency managers utilized these datasets, and identifies significant problems that were encountered. It goes on to explore additional ways in which imagery could have been used, while presenting recommendations for more effective use in future disasters and Homeland Security applications. To plan adequately for future events, it was important to capture knowledge from individuals who responded to the World Trade Center attack. In recognition, interviews with key emergency management and geographic information system (GIS) personnel provide the basis of this paper. Successful techniques should not be forgotten, or serious problems dismissed. Although widely used after September 11th, it is important to recognize that with better planning, remote sensing and GIS could have played an even greater role. Together with a data acquisition timeline, an expanded discussion of these issues is available in the MCEER/NSF report “Emergency Response in the Wake of the World Trade Center Attack; The Remote Sensing Perspective” (Huyck and Adams, 2002)  相似文献   

Sensor Calibration in Support for NOAA’s Satellite Mission     

Xiangqian WU  Changyong CAO 《大气科学进展》2006,23(1):80-90

Sensor calibration, including its definition, purpose, traceability options, methodology, complexity, and importance, is examined in this paper in the context of supporting NOAA's satellite mission. Common understanding of sensor calibration is essential for the effective communication among sensor vendors, calibration scientists, satellite operators, program managers, and remote sensing data users, who must cooperate to ensure that a nation's strategic investment in a sophisticated operational environmental satellite system serves the nation's interest and enhances the human lives around the world. Examples of calibration activities at NOAA/NESDIS/ORA are selected to further illustrate these concepts and to demonstrate the lessons learned from the past experience.  相似文献   

数字地图制图中多源数据(资料)的综合应用     

刘海砚  孙群  肖强  赵国成 《测绘学院学报》2006,(3)

探讨了数字地图制图中多源数据综合应用的技术方法,主要内容包括多源数据(资料)的分类、分析与评价;数据获取和基本的处理方法。最后介绍了利用TM影像、全国公路网GPS测量数据和数字海图等几种数据源制作1∶25万协同图的相关情况。  相似文献   

人影高炮作业数据采集器的移动电源设计     

龙兴波  樊昌元  黄敏 《成都信息工程学院学报》2014,(2):179-185

高炮作业是人工影响天气的日常工作,其作业数据的采集与收集尤为重要。高炮作业数据采集器是实现作业数据的采集与存储,一般采用锂电池供电。针对锂电池容量低而无法满足采集器的长时间使用,常在高炮作业的关键时刻电量不足影响高炮作业顺利进行的问题,设计了一种人影高炮作业数据采集器的专用移动电源。该专用移动电源由充放电保护电路、电芯、电芯容量指示电路、DC-DC升压电路、及CN3703充电管理电路等部分组成。经过最终测试,该设计符合实际使用要求、成本低、性能稳定,具有较强的工程应用价值。  相似文献   

The Influence of Pan Evaporation Conditions on Na Cl crystallization     

TANG N  ZHANG Shuang  HE Guohu  ZHANG Lei  CHENG Penggao 《《地质学报》英文版》2014,88(Z1):375-376

正1 Introduction Crystallization is one of important unit operations in the chemical production process,which requires not only the crystal product with high purity and yield,but also the available particle size of the crystal products to ensure product quality.Crystallization process is affected by  相似文献   

Early-season mapping of crops and cultural operations using very high spatial resolution Pléiades images     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2015

The aim of this study was to assess the contribution of very high spatial resolution (VHSR) Pléiades images to both early season crop identification and the mapping of bare soil surface characteristics due to cultural operations. The study region covering 21 km² is located west of the peri-urban territory of the Versailles plain and the Alluets plateau (Yvelines, France). About 100 cropped fields were observed on the ground synchronously with two Pléiades images of 3 and 24 April 2013 and one SPOT4 image of 2 April 2013. The GIS structuring of these field data along with vector information about field boundaries was used for delimitating both training and test zones for the support vector machine classifier with polynomial function kernel (pSVM). The pSVM was computed on the spectral bands and NDVI for both single-date Pléiades and the bi-temporal Pléiades pair. For the single-date classifications of crops, the overall per-pixel accuracy reached 87% for the SPOT4 image of 2 April (6 classes), 79% for the Pléiades image of 3 April (6 classes) and 82% for that of 24 April (7 classes). At the earlier date (2–3 April), the Pléiades image very well discriminated cultural operations (>77%, user’s or producer’s accuracies) as well as fallows and grasslands, while winter cereals and rapeseed were better discriminated by the SPOT4 image winter cereals (>70%, user’s or producer’s accuracies). As Pléiades images revealed within-field spatial variations of early phenological stages of winter cereals that could be critical for adjusting management of zones with delayed development during the growing season, they brought information complementary to multispectral images with high spatial resolution. For the bi-temporal Pléiades image, the overall per-pixel accuracy was about 80% (7 classes), winter crops, grasslands and fallows being very well detected while confusions occurred between spring barley at initial stages (2–3 leaves) and bare soils prepared for other spring crops. Using an additional validation field set covering ∼1/3 of the study area croplands, the crop map resulting from the bi-temporal Pléiades pair achieved correct crop prediction for about 89.7% of the validation fields when considering composite classes for winter cereals and for spring crops. Early-season Pléiades images therefore show a considerable potential for anticipating regional crop patterns and detecting soil tillage operations in spring.  相似文献